Pathway Analysis of Tumor Immunity by TIGIT and Recent Scientific Research Results

Abstract

The T cellular immune receptor with immunoglobulin and TIGIT, an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif, is a recently identified immune checkpoint molecule primarily found on the outer membrane of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. It is mediated by binding to ligands such as CD155 inhibits T and NK cells' Immune response and influences of tumor microenvironment. At present, many studies have identified the main pathway and mechanism of TIGIT control, and some drug companies have developed anti-Tigit drugs and put them into clinical trials. The application of TIGIT antibody to the treatment of malignant tumors has shown broad prospects in tumor immunotherapy. However, many studies have limitations, The research on TIGIT is less extensive and detailed compared to PD-1/PD-L1, and there is still uncertainty regarding the impact of the TIGIT pathway on various cancers, which requires further investigation by researchers. This study examined previous research on the structure and pathway of TIGIT, and successfully identified the structure of TIGIT and the ligands associated with its primary pathway. Based on the research on its signaling pathway and the results of its clinical trials in some cancers, the paper summarized its four main pathways, three mechanisms of action and recent research results. On this basis, I put forward my personal speculation. This paper focuses on the structural composition, ligand types and pathway analysis of TIGIT, providing a basic reference for further exploration of the action pathway of TIGIT in the future. However, the summary of the TIGIT pathway is not complete and needs further exploration by researchers.