Analysis of Major Treatments for Liver Cancer and Their Prognostic Effects

Abstract

Liver cancer is a highly prevalent malignancy worldwide. The choice of treatment and its prognostic impact directly impact patients' quality of life and survival. This article, drawing on data from global cancer statistics, Chinese liver cancer diagnosis and treatment guidelines, and several classic clinical studies, systematically reviews the main treatment options for liver cancer, including surgery, local ablation, interventional therapy (such as TACE and TAI), drug therapy (targeted therapy, immunotherapy), and combined treatment. The article also compares the short-term efficacy, long-term survival, and safety of these treatments. Prognostic factors, such as clinical stage, liver function status, and treatment compliance, were analyzed. Prognostic optimization strategies were proposed based on real-world research findings. Results showed that patients with early-stage liver cancer treated with liver resection or liver transplantation had a 5-year survival rate of 60%-70%. For patients in the middle and late stages, TACE combined with targeted therapy extended the median survival to 15-20 months. However, patients with Child-Pugh C liver function generally have a poor prognosis. Studies have shown that personalized treatment plans and a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach can significantly improve the prognosis of patients with liver cancer, providing a reference for clinical treatment decision-making.