Understanding Multi-Dimensional Attitudes to Influenza Vaccination a Comparative Study of Parents, Teenagers, and Doctors

Chuxuan Zhang

doi:10.62051/ijphmr.v5n1.08

Authors

Chuxuan Zhang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62051/ijphmr.v5n1.08

Keywords:

Influenza vaccine, Vaccine hesitancy, Qualitative study, Parents, Teenagers, Doctors

Abstract

Influenza vaccination is the most effective preventive strategy against seasonal flu, but vaccine hesitancy still prevents many people from getting it. This qualitative study explored factors shaping attitudes toward influenza vaccination among parents, teenagers, and doctors. 19 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 7 parents, 5 teenagers, and 7 doctors. Open-ended questions were adapted from the World Health Organization’s Vaccine Hesitancy Survey Framework. Transcripts were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic analysis within a social-constructivist framework. Two themes emerged: (1) vaccination as a personal decision shaped by perceived limited effectiveness, confidence in self-health, and neglect of collective value; and (2) vaccination as socially influenced by misinformation, fear of side effects, and medical advice. Teenagers were influenced by peers and health misinformation; parents balanced perceived risks and protection; and doctors emphasized evidence and collective health. These findings indicate that vaccine hesitancy is socially embedded. Uneven trust, miscommunication, and fear of discomfort hinder vaccine confidence, while doctor recommendations remain influential but context dependent. Uptake can be enhanced by empathic, straightforward communication that frames protection as a personal advantage and mild side effects as normal. To maintain increased vaccination rates across populations, policymakers should reestablish institutional trust and incorporate customized communication tactics.

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