Comprehensive Construction of the Interface Structure and Pathways for Building a Sound Relationship between Government and Business

Yanbin Jiang; Wei Zhang

doi:10.62051/8dv1bb22

Authors

Yanbin Jiang
Wei Zhang

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62051/8dv1bb22

Keywords:

Comprehensive and Close Relationship between Government and Business; Boundary System; Governance Model; Thinking Logic; Synchronized Integration Path.

Abstract

The comprehensive and close relationship between government and business is a distinctive social connection where contemporary political power, administrative resources, and commercial activities interweave. This relationship is a requirement outlined in Article 25 of the 2023 "Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy." The comprehensive and close relationship between government and business directly influences the national political and business ecology. This relationship manifests a significant interface structure and a boundary constraint system. The boundary consists of a boundary wall, boundary gate, permeability, and the law of boundary exchange. The boundary constraint system possesses specific functions and value pursuits. Power is the boundary, and interests are the shell; seeking profits through power, defending rights through interests. Power and rights form the interface structure of the political ecology of the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business; public and private interests constitute the boundary in the business ecology of this relationship; the integration of politics and business is reflected in permeability and the law of boundary exchange. The balance between power and interests forms the boundary in the political ecology of the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business. The expansion of private interests and the abuse of public power are boundaries; the exercise of power and its supervision are shells; profitability and gains are the boundary in the political ecology of the business ecology. Profitability and profits are boundaries; to be or not to be is the shell; political, legal, and business integration form the foundational construction of the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business, and it is also the path that structures the boundary system of this relationship. Constructing a boundary system for the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business can enhance the governance capabilities and levels of both the entire political and business ecologies. Political thinking, legal thinking, and business thinking constitute the thinking principles of an integrated government-business boundary system. Compliance, legality, and legitimacy form the integrated boundary structure path for the comprehensive and close relationship between government and business. Rules, systems, and culture can eliminate "politicking without principles and rules" and "business without moral and legal bottom lines." An integrated government-business boundary system can optimize the political-business ecology, creating a fair, transparent, and rule-of-law development environment and fostering a favorable atmosphere for the healthy growth of businesses.

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References

"Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Strengthening of the Private Economy" (July 14, 2023), Article 25: Comprehensive Construction of a Close and Clean Political and Business Relationship. The implementation of building a close and clean political and business relationship requires the establishment of a two-way close and clean unified new type of political and business relationship between party and government officials and private entrepreneurs. Leaders at all levels should interact with private entrepreneurs openly and sincerely, take proactive actions, provide front-line services, solve problems and handle practical matters for private enterprises and entrepreneurs in accordance with laws and regulations. They should uphold the bottom line of interactions, guard against corruption risks, and achieve a relationship that is close yet restrained, clean yet effective. Private entrepreneurs should actively communicate with party committees, governments, and relevant departments at all levels, speak the truth, express the real situation, offer constructive suggestions, maintain a clean image, operate businesses transparently, and abide by laws and regulations. Article 25 provides important policy basis for the development of private enterprises and the construction of a comprehensive political and business relationship, calling for a need to strengthen theoretical research on comprehensive political and business relationships.

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The boundary shell theory is a general theory of system boundaries applicable to analyze various phenomena in society. Systems establish boundaries through boundary walls, gates, and boundary shell support systems. The theory explains the permeation, superposition, and fusion between different systems through the exchange rate of boundary shells formed by the flow of matter, energy, and information. The organic connection between political ecology and business ecology can coordinate and plan various system elements of the political environment, market environment, and legal environment for the overall optimization of a close and clean political and business relationship.

Political issues are solved with political thinking, business issues with business thinking, and legal issues with legal thinking. The three thinking models have their own conditions and paths for development and application. If there is a slight deviation in thinking and problem-solving, as well as in the paths and models, significant differences in function and effect can occur.

The boundary shell theory is a general theory of system boundaries proposed by Chinese scholar Cao Hongxing. See Cao Hongxing. "Boundary Shell Theory and Its Application." Natural Magazine, 2000(03): 145-148.

Boundary gates come in various types, including single gates, double gates, multiple gates, and variable gates.

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Boundary wall refers to the thickness of the boundary shell. The thicker the boundary wall, the more perfected the self-protection mechanism of the system, the more stable the system, and the stronger the resistance to external erosion.

Refer to Master Xingyun: "Master Xingyun: Cultivate This Heart."

"Discord in ethics and norms leads to decline; virtue not in harmony with its position will bring calamity." from "Zhu Zi's Family Maxims." Also found in the "I Ching": "An accumulation of good deeds in a family will surely bring extra blessings; an accumulation of evil deeds will surely bring extra disasters."

Power corresponds to responsibility, and rights correspond to obligations.

Being close without being overly familiar, being firm when desire is absent, manifested as being close within bounds and clean without being distant, just and impartial, proactive yet cautious.

Legal systems that restrict private gain through illegal means or limit private interests in an obligatory manner, such as tax systems, administrative fees, fines, confiscation systems, etc.

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The political sector possesses direct and indirect control over policies and properties granted by the state or legal policies, forming influence and rent-seeking space, but constrained by the political ecology boundary shell. The crime of using influence for bribery breaks this boundary shell.

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The principle that if the law does not expressly permit something, it is prohibited applies to the requirements of a rule-of-law government. However, due to the lag in law and because administrative power comes from the people, actions for the benefit of the people within the public-interest boundary shell still require proactive measures. Therefore, the principle of "if the law does not expressly permit, it is prohibited" cannot be mechanically applied.

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The experience of the Korean government breaking the unhealthy political-business pattern has insights for constructing a new type of political-business relationship in China: first, role transformation—playing the decisive role of the market in resource allocation; second, power norms—building a rule-of-law political-business relationship; third, humanistic cultivation, creating a culture ecology that is both close and clean. See Liu Shuai. "Korea's Breakthrough in the Unhealthy Political-Business Pattern and Its Enlightenment for Building a New Type of Political-Business Relationship in China." Western Journal, 2022, (21): 36-39.

The establishment of a comprehensive close and clean political-business relationship involves the technical design of permeability and rules. The technical aspect of ecological permeability is the degree of information exchange between the political and business sectors. The standard for the degree of exchange between the boundary shell and boundary gates of political-business relationships is the exchange rate of the boundary shell, namely, permeability.

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Permeability refers to the ability of things to maintain their existence within a certain range. If it exceeds a specific range, it may transform into its opposite. Practical rules represent the middle path.

The middle path is the fundamental position in Buddhism. It transcends extremes and attachments to dualities such as existence and non-existence, increase and decrease, suffering and joy, love and hatred—a path of moderation and righteousness.

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Policy requirements for caution. In practice, the logic of caution may translate into postponement, suspension, cessation, or even prohibition. Some non-action in the political sphere is a positive institutional measure, such as decisively reducing unnecessary administrative approvals and eliminating unnecessary inspections and acceptances that interfere with businesses.

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Profit refers to the economic benefits obtained by using money, financial resources, labor, etc., as capital. Profit can be defined in two ways: first, it is the profit obtained after deducting costs; second, it refers to the income generated through operations. In "Shang Jun Shu - External and Internal," it is stated: "Therefore, the labor used in agriculture is the most arduous, and the profit is less than that of merchants, traders, and skilled individuals." Gao Teng's annotation: Profit refers to the surplus gained. In "Wei Shu - Records of Food and Commodities," it is mentioned: "Looking back at the restrictions imposed by the previous dynasty, they did not casually compete with common people for profit." Tang Han Yu's "Inscription on the Tombstone of the Late Wei Gong, the Observing Inspector of Jiangxi in the Tang Dynasty" states: "Gathering materials and tiles in the field, estimating their expenses for assessment, without seeking profit."

"When procuring public goods, one must never seek profit from it." Alternatively: "When procuring public goods, one must never seek profit from it."

According to international conventions, the most crucial aspect for Non-Profit Organizations (NPOs) is that they must not pursue profit as their objective. In other words, NPOs must not seek profit; they are deemed "non-profit." NGOs emerged roughly in the 1980s in the United States and later gained prominence globally.

Witnessed by Lv Buwei from Puyang, he traded in Handan and encountered a person from the state of Qin named Ziyi. Upon returning, he reported to his father, "How many times is the profit from farming?" His father replied, "Tenfold." "How many times is the profit from pearls and jade?" His father replied, "Hundredfold." "How many times is the profit from establishing the country and becoming its ruler?" His father replied, "Countless." Lv Buwei said, "Now, despite working hard in the fields, we cannot afford warm clothing and surplus food. If we establish a country and become rulers, we can leave a legacy to the world. I am willing to go and accomplish this."

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Result crimes refer to crimes in which both the harmful conduct and the harmful result together constitute the objective aspect of the crime. The completion of a result crime requires not only the commission of a criminal act but also the occurrence of a legally prescribed criminal result. Without the harmful result, the objective aspect of the crime lacks completeness, and the essential elements of the objective aspect of the crime are not fulfilled.

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On January 1, 2020, the State Council issued the "Regulations on Optimizing the Business Environment," on July 5, 2020, the State Council issued Order No. 728, "Regulations on Guaranteeing Payment of Funds to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises," and on July 14, 2023, the "Opinions of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council on Promoting the Development and Growth of the Private Economy" (also known as the 31 Measures for the Development of the Private Economy) were introduced as new ways of thinking, new concepts, and new systems.

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Kenneth L. Fisher: "Glorious and Sinful: 100 People Who Influenced the U.S. Financial Markets," China Youth Publishing House; June 1, 2008, 1st Edition. It tells the story of them being pioneers in the U.S. financial markets; the path they have taken is the formation of the U.S. and even international financial markets; their story is the history of U.S. finance. Half angels, half devils, they are greedy, cunning, combative, manipulating billions in capital at their fingertips, resorting to any means to defeat opponents. They are focused, daring, tenacious, quick-witted, able to discover huge business opportunities amid a myriad of possibilities, earning enormous wealth. They are not capitalists in the modern sense but great pioneers in financial history.

Cognitive dissonance is a misalignment judged by different standards and rules. Just as tomorrow's sun will never dry today's clothes, today's sun will never dry tomorrow's clothes. Cognitive dissonance can be highly detrimental, with high costs, leading to the complexity and amplification of events.

Politics, from the beginning of history, has revolved around state power, manifesting as activities involving the acquisition, maintenance, construction, execution, and restriction of state power. After the emergence of political phenomena, through thousands of years of development, it has matured significantly. In modern times, politics is a tremendous social force that affects the interests of all members of society and dominates their behavior. Politics is viewed as the "management of public affairs," managing public affairs. Representative figures include Sun Yat-sen and Mackenzie. Reference: source.

Politics emphasizes rules and governance, business emphasizes costs and efficiency, and law emphasizes fairness and justice. Therefore, these three may not be on the same plane unless concentrated on people, in which case they converge. Hence, politics, law, and business all have the potential for integration but with different focuses.

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