Analyzing the Evolution Logic and Influencing Factors of Brexit: A Multi-Perspective Study on Economy, Immigration, and Sovereignty

Abstract

Brexit stands as one of the most significant political events of the early 21st century, with the underlying factors warranting a thorough examination. Within the European context, the United Kingdom (UK) has historically been a bastion of economic, political, and military might, and has held a significant position within the European Union (EU) framework. Following its accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973, the United Kingdom faced challenges stemming from the indecisiveness of its domestic leaders regarding a pro-European stance, the internal political friction due to inexperience in collaborative negotiations, and the enduring special relationship with the United States. The UK has cultivated a reputation as an "awkward partner" within the EU. Nonetheless, the outcome of the 2016 referendum signaled a profound shift in the British public's inclination to stay within the EU. On January 31, 2020, the Withdrawal Agreement Act (WAB) was enacted, marking the UK's departure from the EU on that day, with a transition period outlined in the agreement. Numerous factors have contributed to this result, encompassing economic growth, immigration policies, and national sovereignty, among others. This paper intends to first explore the evolutionary logic of the Brexit event and then analyze and discuss the influence of these factors on Brexit from the aforementioned four perspectives, aiming to offer insights and guidance for future comparable events.