Research Status of Solid Self-lubricating Material Reinforced Epoxy Resin Composite Materials

Abstract

Epoxy resins are foundational materials for high-performance composites, but their intrinsic brittleness and often weak interfacial bonding with reinforcements limit their full potential. The incorporation of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide (GO), clay minerals (montmorillonite, attapulgite), and their hybrids, has emerged as a highly effective strategy to overcome these limitations. This review synthesizes recent progress in modifying epoxy composites with 2D nanomaterials to enhance their overall performance. Key findings indicate that adding small amounts of GO significantly improves the wettability and adhesion between epoxy and reinforcing fibers, leading to a stronger interfacial layer and superior mechanical properties. Hybrid nanofiller systems, such as GO combined with boron nitride or clay minerals co-incorporated with nano-oxides (TiO₂, Al₂O₃), demonstrate synergistic effects, yielding substantial improvements in tribological, thermal, flame-retardant, and dielectric properties by promoting nanoparticle exfoliation and dispersion. Advanced strategies, including the controlled orientation of nanofillers via magnetic fields or compression molding, have proven effective in creating anisotropic conductive pathways and enhancing tribological performance. Despite these advancements, challenges related to nanoparticle agglomeration, interfacial compatibility, and scalable manufacturing persist. Future research should focus on developing multi-functional composites, integrating computational modeling with experimental work, advancing orientation control techniques, and exploring sustainable waterborne epoxy systems.